The Mid-Day Meal Scheme in Karnataka (2015-2025): A Comprehensive Evaluation of Implementation, Impact, And Challenges

Abstract

The Mid-Day Meal Scheme (MDMS), now part of the PM POSHAN initiative, has been a critical social protection and nutrition program in India since its inception. This comprehensive study evaluates the implementation and impact of the MDMS in Karnataka state over the last decade (2015-2025). Through systematic analysis of government reports, academic studies, and monitoring data, this research examines the scheme’s effectiveness in improving school enrollment, attendance, retention, and nutritional outcomes. During the study period, Karnataka served approximately 53.48 lakh (5.348 million) students across 54,839 government and aided schools, representing 92% of total student enrollment. The findings reveal that the MDMS has been highly effective in improving academic outcomes, particularly enrollment (increased consistency), attendance (92% average compliance), and retention rates. However, challenges persist in fully addressing malnutrition and ensuring consistent nutritional improvements. The state invested approximately Rs. 1,465 crores annually (2018-19), representing significant fiscal commitment. This study concludes that while the MDMS remains a cornerstone of educational equity and nutrition security in Karnataka, targeted interventions addressing quality, monitoring, and nutritional adequacy are essential for maximizing its potential benefits.