The concept of a Smart City’ with enhanced technological strength is being discussed at various places of the world. India also took various initiatives in this regard and made significant progress. The way smart city initiative is rolling out in India with its own socio, political and economic dimensions. In this context, the paper takes up some of the perennial questions of smart city building in India and attempts to have comparative case studies of other related experiences beyond India. The paper focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of smart city ide and also analyses the issues and challenges involved in the process. The research also dwells on some of the possible policy solutions regarding smart city management. India also is all set to become an urban majority nation by the mid-twenty-first century. Most of India's urbanisation seems unplanned and mismanaged leading to a host of social problems like slum extensions, social exclusions, absence of basic accessibilities with the widespread prevalence of social injustice and the process has been majorly attributed to migrants from rural areas. Post-independence plans exhibit several instances of correcting congestions in India's big cities through the creation of alternate absorption points. With this background in mind, the paper goes on to argue that, the urbanisation of mid-sized cities have proven to be mostly unimpressive, failing to relieve the big cities, thereby generating a top-heavy structure. It further finds, through an extensive content analysis that the Smart City Mission was introduced to rid the Indian cities of its long-pending issues by enabling big cities to accommodate better and most importantly empowering mid-sized cities to emerge as centres of growth. However, following the tradition of a certain kind of project-based urbanisation; the mission appears to have inherited vulnerabilities like hierarchical power structures, inadequate local bodies, the dependence of private players, exploitative market forces and inter-group and inter-spatial conflicts from its predecessors like the JNNURM. Undoubtedly, the intent has been to learn from the past but the basic federal structure of governance. 

Effectiveness of the mid day meal scheme under PM Poshan in Karnataka: A case study of Belagavi district. " However, general studies on the scheme in Karnataka show it has been effective in improving enrollment, attendance, and retention, with parents reporting high satisfaction with meal adequacy, quality, and hygiene. The abstract would likely highlight the scheme's strengths, such as regular meal provision and parent satisfaction, while also discussing potential challenges or areas for improvement based on data from Belagavi district. 

Literature is a description of human experience that has dimension of personal and social as well as the knowledge of humanity that is parallel to the form of life itself. It is also interpretation or reflection of life. Every nation has its own literature that tells the story of it people, beliefs and struggles. On other hand nation building is a process of uniting people within the state for developing a shared sense of purpose, identity and vision for the future. To achieve this goal everyone, have to conscious about their own culture, tradition and beliefs. On that way literature contributes to the nation building and the growth of cultural consciousness. Literature mirrors the life of people and helps to shape their collective identity by expressing social, political and moral values. It strengthens national feeling, preserves cultural heritage and encourages unity in diversity. In this study an attempt has been made to analyze the relationship between literature, nationality, and cultural awareness by examining key ideas from writers across the world. 

According to the One Nation, One Subscription (ONOS) policy that is being implemented by the Government of India, all people of India should have easy access to digital academic content that is priced at a reasonable level, regardless of where they live or their socioeconomics standing. In this paper, we take a look at significant role that library and information science professionals had in the implementation of ONOS. The main objectives of this paper to study the prospects and challenges of One Nation, One Subscription (ONOS) library legislation in India. The present paper primarily based on secondary data sources. Secondary data have been collected from various sources like Various Reports, Research journal, Text books, Websites ect. 

Women’s empowerment is a core pillar in India’s journey toward Viksit Bharat, a vision of an inclusive, equitable, and socially progressive nation by 2047. Karnataka, through its diverse women-centric schemes, has emerged as an important model for strengthening social development and narrowing gender-based disparities. This paper examines the key initiatives taken by Karnataka government such as Stree Shakti Self-Help Groups, Udyogini, Bhagyalakshmi, Shakti -Free Bus Travel Scheme, One-Stop Centres, and skill development programmes implemented by the Karnataka State Women Development Corporation (KSWDC). Through a qualitative review of policy documents, secondary data, and district-level insights, the study explores how these schemes contribute to social upliftment, economic independence, safety, and improved mobility among women. The analysis highlights that women-oriented interventions not only enhance individual well-being but also generate wider community transformation-leading to healthier families, stronger local governance, reduced poverty, and increased participation of women in education and the workforce. By bridging gaps in access, opportunity, and agency, Karnataka’s women-focused programmes play a significant role in shaping the foundations of Viksit Bharat. 

Viksit Bharat 2047: India’s Journey towards Inclusive and Sustainable Development explores India’s long-term vision to become a developed nation by the centenary of its independence. Moving beyond conventional growth metrics, the Viksit Bharat agenda emphasizes inclusive prosperity, robust governance, environmental sustainability, and human capital development. Anchored in historical context, the vision builds on India’s post-independence planning, economic liberalization, and contemporary flagship initiatives such as Atmanirbhar Bharat, PM Gati Shakti, and Digital India. The study highlights policy strategies and structural reforms aimed at leveraging technology, fostering entrepreneurship, and strengthening global integration. By presenting a multidimensional roadmap, this paper underscores India’s ambition to achieve holistic development, ensuring that growth is equitable, sustainable, and globally competitive by 2047. 

Writings that are deemed to have artistic or intellectual merit, such as essays, plays, poems, novels, and other creative expressions, are referred to as literature. It includes a variety of works that use language and storytelling devices to delve into issues, present concepts, and arouse feelings. The human experience is frequently reflected in literature, which provides insights on society, culture, and the intricacies of the human condition. It accomplishes a number of goals, including social critique, cultural preservation, education, and entertainment. A nation's identity and collective consciousness are shaped by its literature, which acts as a mirror reflecting the cultural, social, and political landscape of that country. Literature transmits and preserves the histories, values, and beliefs that unite a people through narrative, poetry, and prose. Furthermore, literature has the ability to provoke thought, upend conventions, and increase empathy, all of which help to build a society that is more inclusive and united. The transformative potential of literature in the process of nation-building is explored in this abstract, which Emphasize how it may empower, educate, and unify people from a variety of backgrounds. Any country's literary history is intertwined with that of that country. One of the explanations for this is that standard language becomes a crucial issue when a nation is being built, and literature has a significant influence on the creation of both the national state and the standard language. 

The Article discusses how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can revolutionize Indian education to achieve the "Viksit Bharat 2047" vision by creating personalized, accessible, and effective learning experiences. AI can help bridge the digital divide, boost administrative efficiency, and foster a skilled workforce through adaptive learning platforms and data-driven insights. However, the abstract also emphasizes the importance of addressing ethical challenges and ensuring equitable access to harness AI's potential for inclusive and transformative growth. 

India’s vision of becoming a developed economy by the year 2047 following the path of Viksit Bharat 2047 is a new trend. A digitally empowered nation can be built by promoting start up ecosystem leading towards the goal of achieving Viksit Bharat 2047. However, digital start up ecosystems in India embraces the digital transformation by playing a supportive role in shaping future economy. Start up ecosystems enables entrepreneurs in leveraging emerging technologies by providing creative solutions, enhancing supply chain efficiency and enhancing access to digital services. This research aims to explore the role of startsups and innovation in India, focusing on how these platforms serve for business growth and innovation. 

This paper examines gender disparities in economic participation across major social groups in India-ST, SC, OBC, and Others-using NSSO and PLFS data from 2004–05 to 2021–22. By analyzingLabour Force Participation Rate (LFPR), Work Participation Rate (WPR), and unemployment rates for men and women, the study highlights persistent gender gaps and widening inequalities among social groups. The results show that women consistently record lower participation and higher unemployment, with the gap most visible among OBC and Other social groups. Despite overall economic growth, improvements in female participation remain uneven and slow. The findings underline the need for targeted policies addressing intersectional disadvantages related to both gender and social identity. 

India is a beautiful land of rich heritage and cultural values. . Heritage is important because, ithelps in shaping our identity; our heritage becomes part of what we are. Our expression of this identity shows others what we value; it highlights our values and priorities. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) seek to encourage the identification, protection and preservation of cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has a large work force of trained archaeologists, conservators, epigraphist, architects and scientists for conducting archaeological research projects. Heritage Conservation work is carried out under three broad categories, chemical preservation, Structural Conservation and Awareness programme. 

Literature has long served as both a mirror of and a catalyst for social, political, and cultural change. In India, literature has been an essential tool for nation-building, giving a forum for the development of collective identity, cultural continuity, and political consciousness. This study investigates the complex relationship between literature and nation-building in India, focusing on how writers and philosophers have molded the national imagination from antiquity to the postcolonial era. 

This study examines the role of the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) in improving financial access for micro and small enterprises in India, with a focus on Karnataka. Using secondary data from official PMMY reports and publications, the study reviews the objectives of MUDRA Bank, its product offerings, and its performance across the Shishu, Kishor, and Tarun loan categories. Findings show significant progress in loan sanctions and disbursements during 2023–24 and 2024–25, reflecting the scheme’s growing impact on entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, and MSME sector development. The study concludes that PMMY plays a vital role in supporting micro-enterprises, reducing reliance on informal credit, and contributing to broader economic growth. 

The evolution of Kabbadi sports in Karnataka has been intricately linked to the cultural, social, and historical fabric of the region. Emerging as a traditional form of entertainment, Kabbadi has withstood the test of time, adapting to contemporary preferences while retaining its core essence. Kabbadi sports, deeply rooted in the cultural landscape of Karnataka, represent a unique form of traditional wrestling that emphasizes strength, skill, and strategy. This sport is not merely a physical contest; it embodies communal values and social identity, fostering a sense of belonging among participants. Karnataka’s rich cultural tapestry is deeply entwined with its ancient references, which illuminate the historical roots of its traditional sports, including Kabbadi. The current status of Kabbadi in Karnataka reflects a complex interplay of cultural recognition and evolving societal contexts. Traditionally hailed as a grassroots sport, Kabbadi has seen a revival in interest due, in part, to organizational efforts aimed at promoting indigenous sports as vital components of Karnataka’s cultural heritage. 

As India aims to become a developed nation (Viksit Bharat) by 2047, Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerges as a pivotal force for achieving sustainable, inclusive, and rapid progress. This paper explores the revolutionary potential of AI across key sectors-governance, healthcare, agriculture, education, and infrastructure-to drive economic growth, enhance efficiency, and bridge socio-economic gaps. Through initiatives like IndiaAI Mission, AI-driven diagnostics, precision farming, smart grids, and predictive governance, India can leapfrog into a future of equitable development. However, challenges such as ethical governance, data privacy, skill gaps, and digital divides must be addressed. The abstract outlines strategic recommendations, including robust policy frameworks, public-private partnerships, and grassroots AI adoption, to ensure AI serves as a tool for empowerment, not exclusion. By balancing innovation with ethics, India can unlock AI’s full potential, positioning itself as a global leader in responsible AI-driven development. 

Acid lime is one of the remunerative crops, which is grown on commercial scale in Vijayapura district of Karnataka. Even though there is a gradual increase in both area and production of Acid lime in this district over the years, but still the growers are facing several problems leading to non-economic viability of crop hence, there is good scope for making comprehensive study help the farmers and policy makers to have firsthand prior knowledge on scientific cultivation. Methods: The nature and sources of data were collected by adopting representative random sampling procedure through personnel interview. For the purpose of evaluating the objectives of the study, based on the nature and extent of data, the analytical techniques like tabular analysis, financial feasibility of investment standard tests viz. a) Net present worth, b) Benefit: cost ratio, c) Payback period and d) Internal rate of return were estimated by using the discounted cash flow techniques and the data were processing to draw meaningful results and conclusions. 

Pregnancy is a critical period in a woman’s life, marked by profound physiological, psychological, and social changes. The quality of support received during this time-particularly emotional and spousal support-plays a pivotal role in shaping maternal health outcomes. This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design to examine the socio-demographic determinants of emotional and spousal support among pregnant women in Hukkeri and Khanapur talukas of Karnataka. The present study focuses on Hukkeri and Khanapur talukas in Karnataka, two regions with distinct socio-cultural profiles. By examining the socio-demographic characteristics of women in these areas, the research aims to understand how factors such as age, religion, caste, education, occupation, income, and family type influence the support received during pregnancy. The study adopts a comparative approach, analyzing data from 80 respondents-40 from each taluka-to identify patterns and correlations that can inform targeted interventions. This study highlights the critical role of socio-demographic factors in shaping emotional and spousal support during pregnancy. The findings reveal that variables such as education, income, caste, and family structure significantly influence the quality and extent of support received by expectant mothers. 

Sports are not just entertainment activities; they are efficient and powerful cultural instruments which shape individuals and societies. This paper studies various situations how sports empower youth and build national integration. It highlights how practicing sports promotes life skills, stimulates diversity, and creates harmony across the cultural, ethnic, and social divides. Study findings indicates that how sports help youth to overcome challenges in society and enhances their self-esteem, discipline and leadership quality among the youth of nation. However, challenges include poor infrastructure, unfair access, cultural biases hamper their abilities. The study makes an argument that well designed and organised programmes and long-lasting sports events integrated into society and empower youth and forging national cohesion. 

By 2047 nations will have navigated a multi-decade wave of digital transformation shaped by AI, cloud, pervasive connectivity, and new governance models. This article examines how startups and innovation ecosystems can convert digital infrastructure into broad-based economic growth by mid-century. Using scenario synthesis from recent global reports and trend literature, we identify policy levers, ecosystem investments, and capability gaps that determine inclusive outcomes. The analysis highlights five critical success factors: human capital, data governance, access to early-stage finance, regulatory certainty, and localized R&D. ; Recommendations outline pragmatic public-private actions to accelerate startup scaling, embed equitable innovation, and reduce regional disparities by 2047. 

This paper investigates the critical and rapidly intensifying nexus between anthropogenic climate change, the global pursuit of sustainable development, and the necessity for transformative Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Disaster Management (DM) strategies. Climate change acts as a risk multiplier, dramatically increasing the frequency, intensity, and unpredictability of natural hazards, which consistently reverses developmental gains, particularly in vulnerable communities. The central argument is that the traditional, compartmentalized approach to disaster management-often reactive and hazard-specific-is fundamentally unsustainable in a warming world. Therefore, achieving long-term resilience requires the systemic integration of sustainability principles (social equity, economic viability, and environmental integrity) into proactive DRR and DM policy frameworks. The research analyzes global policy frameworks (Sendai Framework, Paris Agreement, SDGs) and employs case studies of Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR) to demonstrate the superior, cost-effective, and long-lasting protective benefits of a climate-informed, sustainable approach. The findings confirm that policy coherence and sustainable investment are not optional, but the new imperative for securing a viable future. 

In India, postcolonial theatre is a vibrant cultural arena where power, identity, and history are rewritten, reclaimed, and contested. Playwrights challenge colonial narratives, elevate marginalized voices, and reinterpret national memory from subaltern viewpoints through dramatic performance. By revisiting painful pasts, challenging colonial epistemologies, and re-establishing indigenous cultural agency, postcolonial Indian drama contributes to the rewriting of history. The study examines how dramatic devices like myth revision, counter-memory, allegory, and political satire challenge hegemonic historiography, drawing on plays by Girish Karnad, Mahasweta Devi, Utpal Dutt, Vijay Tendulkar, and Manjula Padmanabhan, among others.