Transitioning to a Green Economy: India’s Journey Toward Net-Zero Emissions by 2070

Abstract

India’s transition toward a green economy represents a pivotal step in balancing rapid economic growth with environmental sustainability. This research paper examines India’s strategies and progress in achieving its commitment to net-zero emissions by 2070. Drawing upon secondary data from government reports, international indices, and policy frameworks, the study explores the nation’s efforts in renewable energy expansion, low-carbon development, and sustainable economic transformation. Key initiatives such as the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), the Green Hydrogen Mission, and the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme highlight India’s integrated approach to decarbonization. The study also evaluates India’s current emission profile, sectoral contributions, and energy mix to identify the major drivers and challenges in its green transition. Despite notable progress, persistent issues-such as dependence on coal, financing gaps, air pollution, and slow technology adoption-pose barriers to achieving carbon neutrality. The findings underscore the need for coordinated efforts across policy, finance, technology, and social inclusion to ensure an equitable, resilient, and sustainable low-carbon future.