Public Expenditure and Investments for Green Economy in India: An Economic Analysis

Abstract

The transition to a green economy is a critical pathway for India in achieving sustainable development, climate resilience, and inclusive growth. This paper examines the role of public expenditure and investments in fostering the green economy in India, with a focus on renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, waste management, and green infrastructure. Using secondary data from government reports, international agencies, and academic studies, this study analyses trends in public spending and highlights their implications for economic growth and environmental sustainability. The findings suggest that while India has made significant progress in renewable energy investments and policy initiatives, challenges remain in financing, institutional coordination, and regional disparities. Strengthening public investment, mobilizing private finance, and aligning fiscal policies with sustainability goals are imperative for accelerating India’s green transition.