The Evolution of Art Education in India: Historical Roots and Contemporary Developments

Abstract

Art education in India has experienced significant progress, particularly with the implementation of new educational policies. Initially overlooked, early reforms like the Radhakrishnan and Kothari Commissions focused on broader educational challenges. The National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005 marked a turning point, emphasizing art’s role in creating joyful and meaningful learning. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 built on this, making visual and performing arts compulsory up to Class X to foster holistic learning. The NCF 2023 further promotes art-integrated education, encouraging creativity, cultural awareness, and teamwork through a flexible, multidisciplinary approach. These developments highlight how art education enriches learning by connecting students with their culture, environment, and broader life skills.